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- <text id=93HT1313>
- <link 93XP0450>
- <title>
- King: Memphis Blues
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--King Portrait
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- April 5, 1968
- Memphis Blues
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> For seven weeks racial tensions had mounted in Memphis, as
- the city's garbage strike escalated into a showdown between Mayor
- Henry Loeb and more than 200,000 Negroes seeking economic parity
- with whites. Last week black blues erupted into violence when
- militants got the opportunity they had been seeking. It was given
- to them by Dr. Martin Luther King.
- </p>
- <p> The explosion was as senseless as it was inevitable, once
- King took his 4,500 marchers onto historic Beale Street. A band
- of young Negroes called the Invaders had been waiting for the
- event. "We been making plans to tear this town up for a long
- time," an Invader chieftain told TIME's Atlanta Bureau Chief
- Roger Williams. "We didn't dare do it on our own. We needed a
- crowd. We knew he'd turn out a crowd, and with a crowd the cops
- would have a hard time laying hands on us." One hundred strong,
- the Invaders infiltrated the marchers' flanks, planning to
- disperse in flying squads and riot on cue. Their strategy was
- upset only because teenagers boiled over even before the
- scheduled time.
- </p>
- <p> Bloody Beale. Hardly had King, the apostle of nonviolence,
- led the way out onto the street than the rocks began to fly.
- Glass shards sprayed from splintered windows. Rioters galloped
- from downtown store to store. The parade faltered, halted, turned
- upon itself to retrace its steps. Police fired tear gas at
- random, as King beat a prudent retreat to his motel, leaving
- local civil rights leaders to herd the marchers back to their
- headquarters church. Looting began, and the police lost their
- cherished reputation for restraint. Cops thwacked away with
- clubs, and Negroes turned savagely upon isolated officers.
- </p>
- <p> By the end of the day--the tenth anniversary of Memphis
- Blues-Smith W.C. Handy's death--there were 282 arrests, 62
- injuries and one fatality: a 16-year-old Negro shotgunned by
- police. Nightfall brought double the usual number of fires, most
- of them in uncollected garbage piled along curbs. Damage was
- estimated at $400,000--modest by the standards of Watts and
- Detroit.
- </p>
- <p> Though relatively mild, the rampage panicked authorities.
- "We have a war!" cried Fire and Police Director Frank Holloman.
- Mayor Loeb slapped down a curfew, shuttered liquor stores, bars
- and entertainment places, and stopped the buses. Governor Buford
- Ellington rushed in 250 state troopers and 4,000 Tennessee
- National Guardsmen.
- </p>
- <p> Shredded Mantle. King has heard himself dubbed a rabble-
- rouser before; now, for leaving the march, he was called a coward
- as well. Ignoring the intransigent role that Mayor Loeb had
- played in stoking the Negroes' discontent, King's critics called
- upon him to cancel his "poor people's march" on Washington next
- month; some demanded federal curbs against it as well.
- Undismayed, though his nonviolent mantle was in shreds, King
- vowed to press ahead with the Washington demonstration and lead
- another march on Memphis this week.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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